Sanga:
Mu gihe cyashize, kubona inyungu ku mbuga nkoranyambaga byafatwaga nk’amahirwe ahambaye ahabwa cyane abahanzi n’abanyabugeni bo mu bihugu bikize. Gusa uko ikoranabuhanga ryagendaga ritera imbere, Isi yahindutse isoko imwe idafite imipaka, aho umuntu uri i Kigali, Nairobi cyangwa Lagos ashobora kugera ku bakunzi b’ibihangano bye bari i New York, Paris cyangwa London. Icyakora, kuri benshi mu Banyarwanda, iyo mpinduka ntiyabaye isoko y’inyungu nk’uko byifuzwa. Nubwo imbuga nkoranyambaga nka YouTube, Facebook, Instagram na TikTok zabaye urubuga rukomeye rwo kwigaragaza no kwamamaza, abenshi mu bazikoresha mu Rwanda ntibarabasha kuzikoreraho amafaranga mu buryo bwemewe. Hari n’abahitamo kwiyitirira ibindi bihugu kugira ngo babone amahirwe yo kwinjiza, ibintu bidakwiye igihugu cyihaye intego yo kuba igicumbi cy’ikoranabuhanga n’udushya. Iki kibazo ni cyo Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame yagarutseho ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 6 Gashyantare 2026, mu Nama y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano yabereye muri Kigali Convention Center. Yasabye ko imbogamizi zikumira ‘monetization’ zikurwaho vuba, anashimangira ko ari amahirwe akwiye kugirira umumaro urubyiruko n’ubukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange. Ibi byakurikiye ijambo ry’umuhanzi Bruce Melodie, wagaragaje ko abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga babangamiwe no kutazibonamo inyungu nyamara hari abo izo mbuga zibeshaho mu bindi bihugu. Mu magambo ye, Bruce Melodie yasabye Leta gutanga umusanzu ifasha urubyiruko ruri gukora neza ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kubyaza umusaruro ibyo rukora. Yagaragaje ko hari abantu binjiza amafaranga menshi binyuze kuri internet mu mahanga, bigatuma Abanyarwanda bamwe bumva nk’aho bagomba kwiyitirira ibindi bihugu kugira ngo bagere kuri ayo mahirwe, nyamara ‘monetization’ yashoboraga no kugabanya ubushomeri mu rubyiruko. Mu by’ukuri, ‘monetization’ bisobanura iki? Mu mvugo yoroshye, ni ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amafaranga hakoreshejwe ibikorwa bikorerwa kuri internet, nko kwamamaza, kurebwa kw’amashusho, abafatabuguzi, cyangwa imikoranire n’ibigo byamamaza. Ku mbuga nka YouTube, Facebook, Instagram na TikTok, amafaranga aturuka cyane ku bashoramari bishyura kwamamaza kugira ngo ubutumwa bwabo bugere ku bantu benshi. Ibi bituma izo mbuga zifungura ‘monetization’ gusa mu bihugu babonamo isoko rihagije ry’abamamaza n’ababikoresha cyane. Ni ho ikibazo cy’u Rwanda gishingiye. Minisitiri w’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho na Inovasiyo, Paula Ingabire, yasobanuye ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zibanza kureba ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi mbere yo guha igihugu uburenganzira bwo gukorera amafaranga ku mugaragaro. Icya mbere ni isoko rihagije ry’abamamaza. Meta na Google bashingira cyane ku mafaranga atangwa n’ibigo byamamaza. Bisaba ko igihugu kigira ibigo byinshi byiyemeza kwamamaza kuri internet, kandi bigashyiramo amafaranga ahoraho. Minisitiri Ingabire yagaragaje ko u Rwanda rukiri hasi kuri uru rwego, aho hakenewe byibura ishoramari riri hagati ya Miliyoni 1$ na Miliyoni 1.5$ aturuka ku bamamaza kugira ngo ‘monetization’ ifungurwe mu buryo bwuzuye. Icya kabiri ni umubare n’imyitwarire y’abakoresha internet. Izo ‘platform’ zireba umubare w’abantu bakoresha internet, igihe bamara ku mbuga, n’uko bitabira (likes, comments, shares, views). Nubwo u Rwanda rufite internet iteye imbere ugereranyije n’ibihugu byinshi byo mu karere, umubare w’abayikoresha n’igihe bamara kuri izo mbuga biracyari hasi ugereranyije n’ibihugu byahawe ‘monetization’ kera. Icya gatatu ni amategeko n’umutekano w’amakuru. Meta na Google bareba niba igihugu gifite amategeko asobanutse agenga ikoranabuhanga, kirinda amakuru y’abakoresha, kandi kigahagarika ibibangamira abamamaza nko gukwirakwiza amakuru y’ibinyoma cyangwa ihohoterwa. Kuri uru ruhande, u Rwanda rufite amanota meza, ari na yo mpamvu ikibazo nyamukuru gisigaye ari icy’ishoramari ryo kwamamaza. Minisitiri Paula Ingabire yasobanuye ko ibi bikwiye gufatwa nk’inshingano ya buri wese, cyane cyane ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu, bikumva ko imbuga nkoranyambaga atari aho gutangariza amakuru gusa, ahubwo ari n’isoko rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi. Iyo urebye ku bindi bihugu byahawe ‘monetization’ hakiri kare nka Nigeria na Kenya, usanga byabitewe n’uko bifite isoko rinini ry’abamamaza, ibigo bikomeye byigenga bishyira amafaranga menshi mu kwamamaza kuri ‘digital’, ndetse n’umubare munini w’abakoresha smartphones na internet ihamye. Ghana yabanje gufungurirwa ‘monetization’ mu byiciro, nyuma y’uko Leta ifatanyije n’abikorera mu gushishikariza ibigo kwamamaza kuri Facebook na YouTube aho kwishingikiriza gusa kuri radiyo na televiziyo. Afurika y’Epfo yo yafashwe nk’isoko rikomeye cyane kubera amafaranga menshi azenguruka mu kwamamaza no kuba ifite abakoresha benshi bakurikirwa no hanze y’igihugu. Ibi byose bigaragaza ko ‘monetization’ itangwa ahantu imbuga nkoranyambaga zibonamo inyungu zigaragara. Ntitangwa ku bw’impuhwe, ahubwo itangwa ku bw’isoko rifatika. Iyo ‘monetization’ ifunguwe mu gihugu, igira akamaro kanini: abahanzi binjiza ku bihangano byabo, abanyabugeni bakibeshaho, urubyiruko rukabona imirimo mishya idasaba ishoramari rinini, naho igihugu kikungukira mu misoro no mu bukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bigabanya ubushomeri, bikongera icyizere cy’urubyiruko kandi bigaha agaciro impano zo mu gihugu. Nk’uko byagarutsweho mu Nama y’Umushyikirano, inzira u Rwanda rugomba kunyuramo si ugutegereza Meta cyangwa Google gusa, ahubwo ni uguhindura imyumvire y’abashoramari bo mu gihugu. Bagomba kumva ko imbuga nkoranyambaga ari isoko ry’ishoramari nk’ayandi yose. Iyo ibigo by’igihugu byiyemeje gushora amafaranga mu kwamamaza kuri izo mbuga, gufungurwa kwa ‘monetization’ biza nk’ingaruka y’ibikorwa bifatika, si nk’impano isabwa. Kugira ngo u Rwanda rugere kuri iyo ntego, bisaba ubufatanye bwa Leta, abikorera n’abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga, bagashyira hamwe bakubaka isoko rikurura Meta na Google. Icyo gihe, imbuga nkoranyambaga zizava ku kuba ahantu ho kwigaragaza gusa, zihinduke uruganda rw’akazi, amahirwe n’iterambere ku Banyarwanda.
