
Ubushakashatsi mu by'ubuzima bwa muntu bugaragaza ko guhangayika igihe kirekire bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso, bikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zirimo Stroke.
Ni Mu gihe Kandi Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) rigaragaza ko abantu bagera ku 727,000 bapfuye biyahuye mu mwaka wa 2021, impuguke nazo mu by'ubuzima zikomeza kugaragaza akamaro ko kwita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe no gufasha abantu bahanganye n’ibibazo bitandukanye nka Bumwe mu bufasha bwo kurengera Ubuzima.
Iyo urebye Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abantu bahura n’ibibazo bitandukanye birimo ubukene, kubura akazi, amakimbirane yo mu miryango, gutandukana n’abo bakunda, kwigunga ndetse no kubura icyizere cy’ejo hazaza. Igihe bamwe bahuye n’ibi bibazo, bahitamo kubigumana mu mitima, bakirinda kubiganiriza abandi kubera gutinya gucirwa urubanza, kutumvwa cyangwa kugaragara nk’abantu badafite imbaraga zo kwihanganirq ibibabaho.
Kurundi ruhande Nubwo guceceka ubwabyo atari indwara cyangwa impamvu yemejwe itera Stroke, kubaho mu gihirahiro cy’ibibazo no guhangayika igihe kirekire bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’umuntu, haba mu mitekerereze no ku mikorere y’umubiri.
Nkuko bigaragazwa na Raporo y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO), yasohotse ku wa 23 Gicurasi 2025, igaragaza ko abantu bagera ku 727,000 bapfuye biyahuye ku isi mu mwaka wa 2021. Iyo raporo kandi igaragaza ko 73% by’impfu zatewe no kwiyahura zabereye mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, mu gihe 56% by’abapfuye bari munsi y’imyaka 50. Kwiyahura kandi biri mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera impfu mu rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 15 na 29.
Ku rundi ruhande, imibare ya World Stroke Organization yo mu 2025, ishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwa Global Burden of Disease 2021, igaragaza ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 7 bapfuye bazize Stroke mu mwaka wa 2021. Muri uwo mwaka, abantu miliyoni 11.9 barwaye Stroke ku nshuro ya mbere, mu gihe abandi miliyoni 93.8 bari basanzwe babana n’ingaruka z’iyo ndwara.
Indwara ya Stroke ni indwara ifata ubwonko bitewe no guhagarara cyangwa kugabanuka kw’amaraso abugezaho umwuka wa Oxygen, cyangwa guturika kw’imitsi ijyana amaraso mu bwonko. Ishobora gutera ubumuga buhoraho, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuvuga, kugenda cyangwa gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi, ndetse ishobora no gutera urupfu.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Frontiers in Neurology mu 2025, bwasesenguye ubushakashatsi 28 bwari bukubiyemo abantu barenga 950,000. Ibyavuye muri bwo byagaragaje ko abantu bahuye n’ihungabana rikomeye ryo mu mutwe bashobora kugira ibyago byo kurwara Stroke byiyongereyeho 46% ugereranyije n’abatari bahuye n’ibyo bibazo. Ibi bigaragaza isano ishobora kuba hagati y’ihungabana n’indwara z’imiyoboro y’amaraso, ariko ntibihamya ko guceceka cyangwa guhangayika byonyine bitera Stroke.
Mugihe umuntu ahangayitse, umubiri ushobora kurekura imisemburo nka Adrenaline na Cortisol, ituma umutima utera vuba kandi umuvuduko w’amaraso ukazamuka. Iyo guhangayika bimaze igihe kirekire, bishobora kugira uruhare mu kongera ibyago by’indwara z’umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso. Icyakora, hari n’izindi mpamvu zikomeye zitera Stroke, zirimo umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso, diyabete, cholesterol nyinshi, kunywa itabi, umubyibuho ukabije no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
Ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, inzobere zigaragaza ko ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima, kwiheba, kwigunga no kubura ubufasha bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma umuntu agira ibitekerezo byo kwiyambura ubuzima. Ni yo mpamvu WHO ishimangira ko gukumira kwiyahura bisaba ubufatanye bw’imiryango, inzego z’ubuzima, amashuri, abayobozi n’umuryango mugari.
Abantu bahanganye n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bakwiye kubona ahantu hatekanye ho kuganirira, bagahabwa ubufasha n’inzobere aho bikenewe. Kuganira n’umuntu wizewe, kwitabaza abajyanama b’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gusinzira bihagije no kwita ku mirire ni zimwe mu nzira zifasha kubungabunga ubuzima.
Nanone, kumenya ibimenyetso bya Stroke ni ingenzi. Kunanirwa gutungurana k’ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru, kugorama k’umunwa, kubura ubushobozi bwo kuvuga neza no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuringaniza umubiri ni ibimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.
Muri make Imibare y’impfu ziterwa na Stroke no kwiyahura igaragaza ko ubuzima bw’umubiri n’ubwo mu mutwe ari ibibazo bidakwiye gufatwa nk’iby’umuntu ku giti cye gusa. Guhangana n’ibibazo mu bwihisho, kwigunga no kubura ubufasha bishobora kongera uburemere bw’ingaruka z’ibibazo umuntu ahura na byo. Kubaka umuryango uha agaciro ibiganiro ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, gufasha abari mu bibazo no kubashishikariza kwivuza ni intambwe ikomeye mu kurengera ubuzima.
Sources:
World Stroke Organization: Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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WHO 2021 Suicide Report
who.int
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Psychological Stress and Stroke Risk
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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WHO Stroke Fact
who.int
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