Muri iyi nkuru tugiye kurebera hamwe itandukanirizo hagati y’amazina atandukanye y’imiti ndetse n’ibiciro bitandukanye, nyamara iyo miti ikaba ari kimwe. Bizwi nka générique na spécialité (generic and brand).
- SPECIALITE/BRAND
Umuti witwa specialite ni umuti uba wemerewe gukorwa no gukwirakwizwa n’uruganda ruba rwarawuvumbuye. Urwo ruganda ruhabwa icyemezo (Patent) cyo kuwucuruza mu gihe cy’imyaka 20 nta bandi barabyemererwa. Nirwo rugena igiciro cyawo kugirango bagaruze amafranga yagiye mu bushakashatsi.
Aha twababwirako kugirango umuti wemererwe gukoreshwa binyura mu nzira nyinshi tutarondora hano kandi bigasaba byibuze imyaka 15. Aho rero hagendera amafranga menshi aba agomba kugaruzwa mu icuruzwa ry’uwo muti.
Urwo ruganda rero nirwo rugena izina wa muti uzasohoka mu ruganda witwa, bakarishyiraho bagendeye ku bintu byinshi. Icyo umuti uvura, ibiwugize, uwawuvumbuye n’izindi mpamvu zinyuranye. Iryo zina akenshi kuko rimara igihe kinini ari ryo rikoreshwa gusa niryo tumenyera ugasanga niko turi kwita uwo muti muri rusange.
Urugero: usanga imiti y’amenyo yose tukiyita Colgate, imiti ihindura imisatsi umukara turacyayita Kanta, imiti ya Amibe iracyitwa Flaggyl, imiti ya Malaria ni Coartem, gutyo gutyo.
- GENERIQUE/GENERIC
Iyo ya myaka 20 iri hafi kurangira cg irangiye, izindi nganda zisaba uburenganzira bwo gukora umuti nka wa wundi, icyo gihe abawuvumbuye babagurisha formule y’uko ukorwa noneho nabo bakawukora gusa bakirinda kuwuha izina nk’irya wawundi wa specialite.
Ariko nk’uko inganda zigura iyo formule nazo ziba zitandukanye, zihabwa uburenganzira bwo gushyiraho izina ariko zo akenshi zihindura gato ku izina nyaryo ry’umuti. Twibutseko izina nyaryo ry’umuti ari rya rindi riba ryanditse munsi y’izina umuti wahawe n’uruganda.
Iryo zina niryo ubusanzwe ryagahawe umuti, ni naryo abaganga baba bakwiye kwandika ku rupapuro mpeshamiti noneho mu dukubo akerekana iry’ uruganda. Urugero: akandika ati Amoxicillin (Hiconcil) cyangwa Amoxicillin (Bactox).
- GENERIQUE NA SPECIALITE BITANDUKANIYE HE?
Generique na specialite ni umuti umwe mu mazina atandukanye.
Nkuko haruguru byavuzwe, generique ikorwa bigana (duplicate) specialite. Abahanga mu by’imiti (pharmacists/pharmaciens) batandukanya imiti barebeye kuri
-Umuti w’ibanze (active ingredient)
-Ubushobozi (effectiveness and efficacy).
Generique na specialite rero ziba zibihuriyeho gusa zitandukanywa n’ibikurikira:
1.Igiciro
2.Izina
3.Forme
4.Ibara
5.Inactive ingredients (ibindi bivangwa n’umuti ariko bitavura).
Aha twakibaza tuti kuki iyo miti yose ishyirwa ku isoko idahuje igiciro kandi ikora kimwe?
Mu gusubiza twakibukako uruganda rwavumbuye umuti rukawucuruza imyaka 20 yose rwonyine ruba rwaramaze kubaka izina. Niyo mpamvu iyo generique ije rudahita rureka gukora wa muti gusa narwo akenshi ruhita rugabanya igiciro.
Ikindi ni uko nk’abantu, duhita twishyiramo ko ibyo bindi bije nyuma ari pirate ndetse abenshi tunibwirako umuti uhenze ariwo uba uvura, nyamara umuti si igiciro, ni ibiwugize.
Gusa ntiwabura kuvuga ko hari inganda zikora imiti ya pirate, aho usanga umuti fatizo ari nka 60% y’uwagashyizwemo, cyangwa formule igahindurwa nkana. Nk’urugero ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu 2015 na OMS bwerekanye ko 1/3 cy imiti ya Malaria ari pirate.
Mu gusoza reka tuvuge ko WHO/OMS (umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima) ukangurira ibihugu gukoresha generique kurusha specialite kuko ari umuti umwe, ariko noneho inganda zikora generique zikagenzurwa ngo harebwe ko zikora umuti wa nyawo.
Naho ubundi burya Clamoxyl, Hiconcil, Bactox na Amoxicillin ni kimwe; Lumartem; Combiart ni kimwe na Coartem, Panadol, Acetaminophen, ni kimwe na Paracetamol, Lasix ni kimwe na Furosemide.
Source: https://www.humana.com/pharmacy/medication-information
